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更新日期：2019-06-18
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Gardenia jasminoides is an evergreen flowering plant of the family Rubiaceae. It originated in Asia and is most commonly found growing wild in Vietnam Southern China Korea Taiwan Japan Myanmar and India. With its shiny green leaves and heavily fragrant white summer flowers it is widely used in gardens in warm temperate and subtropical climates and as a houseplant in temperate regions. It has been in cultivation in China for at least a thousand years and was introduced to English gardens in the mid 18th century. Many varieties have been bred for horticulture with low growing and large-and long-flowering forms.
Gardenia jasminoides was described by English botanist John Ellis in 1761 after it had been conveyed to England in the 1750s. It gained its association with the name jasmine as the botanist and artist Georg Dionysius Ehret had depicted it and queried whether it was a jasmine as the flowers resembled the latter plant. The name stuck and lived on as common name and scientific epithet. The name G. augusta of Linnaeus has been ruled invalid.
As a subtropical plant it thrives best in warm temperatures in humid environments. Getting those conditions is rather hard in temperate latitudes the reason for which gardenias are usually cultivated as houseplants or in greenhouses. In warm places though it can be grown outdoors. Either way it prefers bright indirect sunlight or partial shade.
Apart from the difficulties in creating suitable conditions for the plant to live gardenias need to be planted in an acidic soil. If the soil is not acid enough many of its nutrients will not be available for the plant since they will not dilute in water and therefore will not be absorbed via the roots. If this happens gardenias start to develop chlorosis whose main symptom is a yellowing of the leaves.
For this reason it is advisable not to water gardenias with very hard water. When having to water with hard water it is possible to add some vinegar or lemon juice to it before doing so this will lower the pH of the water. Or use an effective pH modifier like phosphoric or nitric acid.
Iron chelate can be added to the soil in order to lower the PH but care must be taken since an overdose can kill the plant as with any other inorganic soil amendment.
Some gardeners will spill vinegar over the soil to effectively keep the pH low and prevent chlorosis. This can be carried out either regularly or when the first symptoms of chlorosis have been spotted.
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